import mimetypes
import os
import re
import tempfile
import urllib.parse
import uuid
import zipfile
import bs4
import tinycss2
from voussoirkit import pathclass
MIMETYPE_CONTENT = 'application/epub+zip'
HTML_LINK_PROPERTIES = {
'a': ['href'],
'audio': ['src'],
'image': ['href', 'xlink:href'],
'img': ['src'],
'link': ['href'],
'script': ['src'],
'source': ['src'],
'track': ['src'],
'video': ['src', 'poster'],
}
EXTENSION_MIMETYPES = {
'html': 'application/xhtml+xml',
'xhtml': 'application/xhtml+xml',
'htm': 'application/xhtml+xml',
'smi': 'application/smil+xml',
'smil': 'application/smil+xml',
'sml': 'application/smil+xml',
'otf': 'application/font-sfnt',
'ttf': 'application/font-sfnt',
'pls': 'application/pls+xml',
'woff': 'application/font-woff',
'woff2': 'font/woff2',
}
MIMETYPE_DIRECTORIES = {
'application/x-dtbncx+xml': '.',
'application/font-sfnt': 'Fonts',
'application/xhtml+xml': 'Text',
'font': 'Fonts',
'image': 'Images',
'text/css': 'Styles',
'audio': 'Audio',
'video': 'Video',
}
MIMETYPE_FILE_TEMPLATE = 'application/epub+zip'
CONTAINER_XML_TEMPLATE = '''
'''.strip()
OPF_TEMPLATE = '''
{uuid}author
aut
titleund
'''.strip()
NCX_TEMPLATE = '''
Unknown
'''.strip()
NAV_XHTML_TEMPLATE = '''
'''.strip()
TEXT_TEMPLATE = '''
{head_content}
{body_content}
'''.strip()
def compress_epub(directory, epub_filepath):
directory = pathclass.Path(directory)
epub_filepath = pathclass.Path(epub_filepath)
if epub_filepath in directory:
raise ValueError('Epub inside its own directory')
if epub_filepath.extension != 'epub':
epub_filepath = epub_filepath.add_extension('epub')
with zipfile.ZipFile(epub_filepath.absolute_path, 'w') as z:
z.write(directory.with_child('mimetype').absolute_path, arcname='mimetype')
for file in directory.walk():
if file in [directory.with_child('mimetype'), directory.with_child('sigil.cfg')]:
continue
z.write(
file.absolute_path,
arcname=file.relative_to(directory),
compress_type=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED,
)
return epub_filepath
def extract_epub(epub_filepath, directory):
epub_filepath = pathclass.Path(epub_filepath)
directory = pathclass.Path(directory)
with zipfile.ZipFile(epub_filepath.absolute_path, 'r') as z:
z.extractall(directory.absolute_path)
def fix_xhtml(xhtml, return_soup=False):
if isinstance(xhtml, bs4.BeautifulSoup):
soup = xhtml
else:
# For the text pages, html5lib is the best because html.parser and lxml
# lowercase all attributes, breaking svg's case-sensitive viewBox etc.
# and xml loses all of the namespaces when namespaced elements are nested
# like .
# The downside of html5lib is it turns the xml declaration at the top
# into a comment which we must undo manually.
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(xhtml, 'html5lib')
if not soup.html:
html = soup.new_tag('html')
for child in list(soup.contents):
html.append(child)
soup.append(html)
if not soup.html.body:
body = soup.new_tag('body')
for child in list(soup.html.contents):
body.append(child)
soup.html.append(body)
if not soup.html.get('xmlns'):
soup.html['xmlns'] = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'
try:
doctype = next(i for i in soup.contents if isinstance(i, bs4.Doctype))
except StopIteration:
doctype = bs4.Doctype('html')
soup.html.insert_before(doctype)
# html5lib turns the xml declaration into a comment which we must revert.
try:
if isinstance(soup.contents[0], bs4.Comment):
declaration = bs4.Declaration('xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"')
soup.insert(0, declaration)
declaration.next.extract()
except StopIteration:
pass
try:
declaration = next(i for i in soup.contents if isinstance(i, bs4.Declaration))
except StopIteration:
declaration = bs4.Declaration('xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"')
doctype.insert_before(declaration)
if return_soup:
return soup
return str(soup)
def get_directory_for_mimetype(mime):
directory = (
MIMETYPE_DIRECTORIES.get(mime) or
MIMETYPE_DIRECTORIES.get(mime.split('/')[0]) or
'Misc'
)
return directory
def get_mimetype_for_basename(basename):
extension = os.path.splitext(basename)[1].strip('.')
mime = (
EXTENSION_MIMETYPES.get(extension) or
mimetypes.guess_type(basename)[0] or
'application/octet-stream'
)
return mime
def make_manifest_item(id, href, mime):
manifest_item = f''
# 'html.parser' just for having the simplest output.
manifest_item = bs4.BeautifulSoup(manifest_item, 'html.parser')
return manifest_item.item
def make_meta_item(content=None, attrs=None):
if content:
meta_item = f'{content}'
else:
meta_item = f''
meta_item = bs4.BeautifulSoup(meta_item, 'html.parser')
if attrs:
meta_item.attrs.update(attrs)
return meta_item.meta
def make_spine_item(id):
spine_item = f''
# 'html.parser' just for having the simplest output.
spine_item = bs4.BeautifulSoup(spine_item, 'html.parser')
return spine_item.itemref
class EpubfileException(Exception):
error_message = ''
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.given_args = args
self.given_kwargs = kwargs
self.error_message = self.error_message.format(*args, **kwargs)
self.args = (self.error_message, args, kwargs)
def __str__(self):
return self.error_message
class FileExists(EpubfileException):
error_message = 'There is already a file at {}.'
class IDExists(EpubfileException):
error_message = 'There is already a file with id {}.'
class NotInManifest(EpubfileException):
error_message = '{} is not in the manifest.'
class NotInSpine(EpubfileException):
error_message = '{} is not in the spine.'
class Epub:
def __init__(self, directory):
if isinstance(directory, tempfile.TemporaryDirectory):
self._tempdir_reference = directory
directory = directory.name
self.root_directory = pathclass.Path(directory, force_sep='/')
self.opf_filepath = None
self.opf = None
self.read_opf(self.get_opfs()[0])
def __repr__(self):
return f'Epub({repr(self.root_directory.absolute_path)})'
def assert_file_not_exists(self, filepath):
if filepath.exists:
existing = filepath.relative_to(self.opf_filepath.parent)
raise FileExists(existing)
def assert_id_not_exists(self, id):
if self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'id': id}):
raise IDExists(id)
# LOADING AND SAVING
############################################################################
@classmethod
def new(cls):
def writefile(filepath, content):
os.makedirs(filepath.parent.absolute_path, exist_ok=True)
with open(filepath.absolute_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as handle:
handle.write(content)
uid = uuid.uuid4().urn
tempdir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='epubfile-')
root = pathclass.Path(tempdir.name)
writefile(root.join('mimetype'), MIMETYPE_FILE_TEMPLATE)
writefile(root.join('META-INF/container.xml'), CONTAINER_XML_TEMPLATE)
writefile(root.join('OEBPS/content.opf'), OPF_TEMPLATE.format(uuid=uid))
writefile(root.join('OEBPS/toc.ncx'), NCX_TEMPLATE.format(uuid=uid))
writefile(root.join('OEBPS/Text/nav.xhtml'), NAV_XHTML_TEMPLATE)
return cls(tempdir)
@classmethod
def open(cls, epub_filepath):
extract_to = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='epubfile-')
extract_epub(epub_filepath, extract_to.name)
return cls(extract_to)
def save(self, epub_filepath):
self.write_opf()
compress_epub(self.root_directory, epub_filepath)
# CONTAINER & OPF
############################################################################
def get_opfs(self):
container = self.read_container_xml()
rootfiles = container.find_all('rootfile')
rootfiles = [x.get('full-path') for x in rootfiles]
rootfiles = [self.root_directory.join(x) for x in rootfiles]
return rootfiles
def read_container_xml(self):
container_xml_path = self.root_directory.join('META-INF/container.xml')
container = open(container_xml_path.absolute_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
# 'xml' and 'html.parser' seem about even here except that html.parser doesn't self-close.
container = bs4.BeautifulSoup(container, 'xml')
return container
def read_opf(self, rootfile):
rootfile = pathclass.Path(rootfile, force_sep='/')
rootfile_xml = open(rootfile.absolute_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8').read()
# 'html.parser' preserves namespacing the best, but unfortunately it
# botches the items because it wants them to be self-closing
# and the string contents come out. We will fix in just a moment.
# This is still preferable to 'xml' which handles the dc: prefixes when
# parsing only the metadata block, but loses all namespaces when parsing
# the whole doc. 'lxml' wraps the content in and also
# botches the metas so it's not any better than html.parser.
self.opf = bs4.BeautifulSoup(rootfile_xml, 'html.parser')
# Let's fix those metas.
metas = self.opf.select('meta')
for meta in metas:
neighbor = meta.next
if neighbor.parent != meta.parent:
break
if not isinstance(neighbor, bs4.element.NavigableString):
continue
meta.append(neighbor.extract().strip())
self.opf_filepath = rootfile
return self.opf
def write_container_xml(self, container):
if isinstance(container, bs4.BeautifulSoup):
container = str(container)
container_xml_path = self.root_directory.join('META-INF/container.xml')
container_xml = open(container_xml_path.absolute_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
container_xml.write(container)
def write_opf(self):
with open(self.opf_filepath.absolute_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as rootfile:
rootfile.write(str(self.opf))
# FILE OPERATIONS
############################################################################
def add_file(self, id, basename, content):
self.assert_id_not_exists(id)
basename = os.path.basename(basename)
mime = get_mimetype_for_basename(basename)
directory = get_directory_for_mimetype(mime)
directory = self.opf_filepath.parent.with_child(directory)
os.makedirs(directory.absolute_path, exist_ok=True)
filepath = directory.with_child(basename)
self.assert_file_not_exists(filepath)
if mime == 'application/xhtml+xml':
# bs4 converts bytes to str so this must come before the handle choice.
content = fix_xhtml(content)
if isinstance(content, str):
handle = open(filepath.absolute_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
elif isinstance(content, bytes):
handle = open(filepath.absolute_path, 'wb')
else:
raise TypeError(type(content))
with handle:
handle.write(content)
href = filepath.relative_to(self.opf_filepath.parent, simple=True)
href = urllib.parse.quote(href)
manifest_item = make_manifest_item(id, href, mime)
self.opf.manifest.append(manifest_item)
if mime == 'application/xhtml+xml':
spine_item = make_spine_item(id)
self.opf.spine.append(spine_item)
return id
def easy_add_file(self, filepath):
filepath = pathclass.Path(filepath)
with open(filepath.absolute_path, 'rb') as handle:
self.add_file(
id=filepath.basename,
basename=filepath.basename,
content=handle.read(),
)
def delete_file(self, id):
os.remove(self.get_filepath(id).absolute_path)
spine_item = self.opf.spine.find('itemref', {'idref': id})
if spine_item:
spine_item.extract()
manifest_item = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'id': id})
manifest_item.extract()
def get_filepath(self, id):
href = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'id': id})['href']
filepath = self.opf_filepath.parent.join(href)
if not filepath.exists:
href = urllib.parse.unquote(href)
filepath = self.opf_filepath.parent.join(href)
return filepath
def open_file(self, id, mode):
if mode not in ('r', 'w'):
raise ValueError(f'Mode {mode} should be either r or w.')
filepath = self.get_filepath(id)
mime = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'id': id})['media-type']
is_text = (
mime in ('application/xhtml+xml', 'application/x-dtbncx+xml') or
mime.startswith('text/')
)
if is_text:
handle = open(filepath.absolute_path, mode, encoding='utf-8')
else:
handle = open(filepath.absolute_path, mode + 'b')
return handle
def read_file(self, id, *, soup=False):
# text vs binary handled by open_file.
content = self.open_file(id, 'r').read()
if soup and self.get_manifest_item(id)['media-type'] == 'application/xhtml+xml':
return fix_xhtml(content, return_soup=True)
return content
def rename_file(self, id, new_basename=None, *, fix_interlinking=True):
if isinstance(id, dict):
basename_map = id
else:
if new_basename is None:
raise TypeError('new_basename can be omitted if id is a dict.')
basename_map = {id: new_basename}
rename_map = {}
for (id, new_basename) in basename_map.items():
old_filepath = self.get_filepath(id)
new_filepath = old_filepath.parent.with_child(new_basename)
if not new_filepath.extension:
new_filepath = new_filepath.add_extension(old_filepath.extension)
self.assert_file_not_exists(new_filepath)
os.rename(old_filepath.absolute_path, new_filepath.absolute_path)
rename_map[old_filepath] = new_filepath
if fix_interlinking:
self.fix_interlinking(rename_map)
else:
self.fix_interlinking_opf(rename_map)
return rename_map
def write_file(self, id, content):
# text vs binary handled by open_file.
if isinstance(content, bs4.BeautifulSoup):
content = str(content)
with self.open_file(id, 'w') as handle:
handle.write(content)
# GETTING THINGS
############################################################################
def get_manifest_items(self, filter='', soup=False, spine_order=False):
query = f'item{filter}'
items = self.opf.manifest.select(query)
if spine_order:
items = {x['id']: x for x in items}
ordered_items = []
for spine_id in self.get_spine_order():
ordered_items.append(items.pop(spine_id))
ordered_items.extend(items.values())
items = ordered_items
if soup:
return items
return [x['id'] for x in items]
def get_manifest_item(self, id):
item = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'id': id})
if not item:
raise NotInManifest(id)
return item
def get_fonts(self, *, soup=False):
return self.get_manifest_items(
filter='[media-type^="application/font"],[media-type^="font/"]',
soup=soup,
)
def get_images(self, *, soup=False):
return self.get_manifest_items(
filter='[media-type^="image/"]',
soup=soup,
)
def get_media(self, *, soup=False):
return self.get_manifest_items(
filter='[media-type^="video/"],[media-type^="audio/"]',
soup=soup,
)
def get_nav(self, *, soup=False):
nav = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'properties': 'nav'})
if not nav:
return None
if soup:
return nav
return nav['id']
def get_ncx(self, *, soup=False):
ncx = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'media-type': 'application/x-dtbncx+xml'})
if not ncx:
return None
if soup:
return ncx
return ncx['id']
def get_styles(self, *, soup=False):
return self.get_manifest_items(
filter='[media-type="text/css"]',
soup=soup,
)
def get_texts(self, *, soup=False, skip_nav=False):
texts = self.get_manifest_items(
filter='[media-type="application/xhtml+xml"]',
soup=True,
spine_order=True,
)
if skip_nav:
texts = [x for x in texts if x.get('properties') != 'nav']
if soup:
return texts
return [x['id'] for x in texts]
# COVER
############################################################################
def get_cover_image(self, *, soup=False):
cover = self.opf.manifest.find('item', {'properties': 'cover-image'})
if cover:
return cover if soup else cover['id']
cover = self.opf.metadata.find('meta', {'name': 'cover'})
if cover:
return cover if soup else cover['content']
return None
def remove_cover_image(self):
current_cover = self.get_cover_image(soup=True)
if not current_cover:
return
del current_cover['properties']
meta = self.opf.metadata.find('meta', {'name': 'cover'})
if meta:
meta.extract()
def set_cover_image(self, id):
if id is None:
self.remove_cover_image()
current_cover = self.get_cover_image(soup=True)
if not current_cover:
pass
elif current_cover['id'] == id:
return
else:
del current_cover['properties']
manifest_item = self.get_manifest_item(id)
manifest_item['properties'] = 'cover-image'
current_meta = self.opf.metadata.find('meta', {'name': 'cover'})
if current_meta:
current_meta[content] = id
else:
meta = make_meta_item(attrs={'name': 'cover', 'content': id})
self.opf.metadata.append(meta)
# SPINE
############################################################################
def get_spine_order(self, *, only_linear=False):
items = self.opf.spine.find_all('itemref')
if only_linear:
items = [x for x in items if x.get('linear') != 'no']
return [x['idref'] for x in items]
return ids
def set_spine_order(self, ids):
manifest_ids = self.get_manifest_items()
# Fetch the existing entries so that we can preserve their attributes
# while rearranging, only creating new spine entries for ids that aren't
# already present.
spine_items = self.opf.spine.select('itemref')
spine_items = {item['idref']: item for item in spine_items}
for id in ids:
if id not in manifest_ids:
raise NotInManifest(id)
if id in spine_items:
self.opf.spine.append(spine_items.pop(id))
else:
self.opf.spine.append(make_spine_item(id))
# The remainder of the current spine items were not used, so pop them out.
for spine_item in spine_items.values():
spine_item.extract()
def get_spine_linear(self, id):
spine_item = self.opf.spine.find('itemref', {'idref': id})
if not spine_item:
raise NotInSpine(id)
linear = spine_item.get('linear')
linear = {None: None, 'yes': True, 'no': False}.get(linear, linear)
return linear
def set_spine_linear(self, id, linear):
'''
Set linear to yes or no. Or pass None to remove the property.
'''
spine_item = self.opf.spine.find('itemref', {'idref': id})
if not spine_item:
raise NotInSpine(id)
if linear is None:
del spine_item['linear']
return
if isinstance(linear, str):
if linear not in ('yes', 'no'):
raise ValueError(f'Linear must be yes or no, not {linear}.')
elif isinstance(linear, (bool, int)):
linear = {True: 'yes', False: 'no'}[bool(linear)]
else:
raise TypeError(linear)
spine_item['linear'] = linear
# METADATA
############################################################################
def get_authors(self):
'''
Thank you double_j for showing how to deal with find_all not working
on namespaced tags.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/44681560
'''
creators = self.opf.metadata.find_all({'dc:creator'})
creators = [str(c.contents[0]) for c in creators if len(c.contents) == 1]
return creators
def get_languages(self):
languages = self.opf.metadata.find_all({'dc:language'})
languages = [str(l.contents[0]) for l in languages if len(l.contents) == 1]
return languages
def get_titles(self):
titles = self.opf.metadata.find_all({'dc:title'})
titles = [str(t.contents[0]) for t in titles if len(t.contents) == 1]
return titles
# UTILITIES
############################################################################
def fix_all_xhtml(self):
for id in self.get_texts():
self.write_file(id, self.read_file(id, soup=True))
@staticmethod
def _fix_interlinking_helper(link, rename_map, relative_to, old_relative_to=None):
if link is None:
return None
link = urllib.parse.urlsplit(link)
if link.scheme:
return None
if old_relative_to is None:
old_relative_to = relative_to
new_filepath = (
rename_map.get(link.path) or
rename_map.get(old_relative_to.join(link.path)) or
rename_map.get(old_relative_to.join(urllib.parse.unquote(link.path))) or
None
)
if new_filepath is None:
return None
link = link._replace(path=new_filepath.relative_to(relative_to, simple=True))
link = link._replace(path=urllib.parse.quote(link.path))
return link.geturl()
@staticmethod
def _fix_interlinking_css_helper(tag):
links = []
commit = lambda: None
if not isinstance(tag, bs4.element.Tag):
pass
elif tag.name == 'style' and tag.contents:
style = tinycss2.parse_stylesheet(tag.contents[0])
links = [
token
for rule in style if isinstance(rule, tinycss2.ast.QualifiedRule)
for token in rule.content if isinstance(token, tinycss2.ast.URLToken)
]
commit = lambda: tag.contents[0].replace_with(tinycss2.serialize(style))
elif tag.get('style'):
style = tinycss2.parse_declaration_list(tag['style'])
links = [
token
for declaration in style if isinstance(declaration, tinycss2.ast.Declaration)
for token in declaration.value if isinstance(token, tinycss2.ast.URLToken)
]
commit = lambda: tag.attrs.update(style=tinycss2.serialize(style))
return (links, commit)
def fix_interlinking_text(self, id, rename_map, old_relative_to=None):
text_parent = self.get_filepath(id).parent
soup = self.read_file(id, soup=True)
for tag in soup.descendants:
for link_property in HTML_LINK_PROPERTIES.get(tag.name, []):
link = tag.get(link_property)
link = self._fix_interlinking_helper(link, rename_map, text_parent, old_relative_to)
if not link:
continue
tag[link_property] = link
(style_links, style_commit) = self._fix_interlinking_css_helper(tag)
for token in style_links:
link = token.value
link = self._fix_interlinking_helper(link, rename_map, text_parent, old_relative_to)
if not link:
continue
token.value = link
style_commit()
text = str(soup)
self.write_file(id, text)
def fix_interlinking_ncx(self, rename_map, old_relative_to=None):
ncx_id = self.get_ncx()
if not ncx_id:
return
ncx_parent = self.get_filepath(ncx_id).parent
ncx = self.read_file(ncx_id)
# 'xml' because 'lxml' and 'html.parser' lowercase the navPoint tag name.
ncx = bs4.BeautifulSoup(ncx, 'xml')
for point in ncx.select('navPoint > content[src]'):
link = point['src']
link = self._fix_interlinking_helper(link, rename_map, ncx_parent, old_relative_to)
if not link:
continue
point['src'] = link
ncx = str(ncx)
self.write_file(ncx_id, ncx)
def fix_interlinking_opf(self, rename_map):
opf_parent = self.opf_filepath.parent
for opf_item in self.opf.select('guide > reference[href], manifest > item[href]'):
link = opf_item['href']
link = self._fix_interlinking_helper(link, rename_map, opf_parent)
if not link:
continue
opf_item['href'] = link
def fix_interlinking(self, rename_map):
self.fix_interlinking_opf(rename_map)
for id in self.get_texts():
self.fix_interlinking_text(id, rename_map)
self.fix_interlinking_ncx(rename_map)
def move_nav_to_end(self):
'''
Move the nav.xhtml file to the end and set linear=no.
'''
nav = self.get_nav()
if not nav:
return
spine = self.get_spine_order()
for (index, id) in enumerate(spine):
if id == nav:
spine.append(spine.pop(index))
break
self.set_spine_order(spine)
self.set_spine_linear(nav, False)
def normalize_directory_structure(self):
# This must come before the opf rewrite because that would affect the
# location of all all manifest item hrefs.
manifest_items = self.get_manifest_items(soup=True)
old_filepaths = {item['id']: self.get_filepath(item['id']) for item in manifest_items}
old_ncx = self.get_ncx()
try:
old_ncx_parent = self.get_filepath(self.get_ncx()).parent
except Exception:
old_ncx_parent = None
if self.opf_filepath.parent == self.root_directory:
oebps = self.root_directory.with_child('OEBPS')
os.makedirs(oebps.absolute_path, exist_ok=True)
self.write_opf()
new_opf_path = oebps.with_child(self.opf_filepath.basename)
os.rename(self.opf_filepath.absolute_path, new_opf_path.absolute_path)
container = self.read_container_xml()
rootfile = container.find('rootfile', {'full-path': self.opf_filepath.basename})
rootfile['full-path'] = new_opf_path.relative_to(self.root_directory, simple=True)
self.write_container_xml(container)
self.opf_filepath = new_opf_path
rename_map = {}
for manifest_item in manifest_items:
old_filepath = old_filepaths[manifest_item['id']]
directory = get_directory_for_mimetype(manifest_item['media-type'])
directory = self.opf_filepath.parent.with_child(directory)
os.makedirs(directory.absolute_path, exist_ok=True)
new_filepath = directory.with_child(old_filepath.basename)
rename_map[old_filepath] = new_filepath
os.rename(old_filepath.absolute_path, new_filepath.absolute_path)
manifest_item['href'] = new_filepath.relative_to(self.opf_filepath.parent, simple=True)
self.fix_interlinking_opf(rename_map)
for id in self.get_texts():
self.fix_interlinking_text(id, rename_map, old_relative_to=old_filepaths[id].parent)
self.fix_interlinking_ncx(rename_map, old_relative_to=old_ncx_parent)