Replace some % formatters with fstrings.

voussoirkit/basenumber.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def to_base(number, base, decimal_places=10, alphabet=None):
         alphabet = ALPHABET
 
     if base > len(alphabet):
-        raise ValueError('Not enough symbols in alphabet for base %d' % base)
+        raise ValueError(f'Not enough symbols in alphabet for base {base}.')
 
     result = ''
     whole_portion = int(number)

voussoirkit/bytestring.py

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def normalize_unit_string(string):
         unit_string_l = unit_string.lower()
         if string in (unit_string_l, unit_string_l[0], unit_string_l.replace('i', '')):
             return unit_string
-    raise ValueError('Unrecognized unit string "%s"' % string)
+    raise ValueError(f'Unrecognized unit string "{string}".')
 
 def parsebytes(string):
     '''

voussoirkit/expressionmatch.py

@@ -65,28 +65,27 @@ class ExpressionTree:
             t = t.replace('(', '\\(')
             t = t.replace(')', '\\)')
             if ' ' in t:
-                t = '"%s"' % t
+                t = f'"{t}"'
             return t
 
         if len(self.children) == 1:
             child = self.children[0]
             childstring = str(child)
             if child.token in OPERATORS:
-                childstring = '(%s)' % childstring
-                return '%s%s' % (self.token, childstring)
-            return '%s %s' % (self.token, childstring)
+                return f'{self.token}({childstring})'
+            return f'{self.token} {childstring}'
 
         children = []
         for child in self.children:
             childstring = str(child)
             if child.token in OPERATORS:
-                childstring = '(%s)' % childstring
+                childstring = f'({childstring})'
             children.append(childstring)
 
         if len(children) == 1:
-            return '%s %s' % (self.token, children[0])
+            return f'{self.token} {children[0]}'
 
-        s = ' %s ' % self.token
+        s = f' {self.token} '
         s = s.join(children)
         return s
 
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ class ExpressionTree:
                         current.parent = new
                         current = new
                 else:
-                    raise Exception('Expected binary operator, got %s.' % new.token)
+                    raise Exception(f'Expected binary operator, got {new.token}.')
 
             elif current.token in BINARY_OPERATORS:
                 if new.token in BINARY_OPERATORS:
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ class ExpressionTree:
             return '""'
         t = self.token
         if ' ' in t:
-            t = '"%s"' % t
+            t = f'"{t}"'
 
         output = t
         indent = 1

voussoirkit/pathclass.py

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ def glob_patternize(piece):
     piece = glob.escape(piece)
     for character in piece:
         if character not in '![]':
-            replacement = '[%s]' % character
+            replacement = f'[{character}]'
             piece = piece.replace(character, replacement, 1)
             break
     return piece

voussoirkit/ratelimiter.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Ratelimiter:
         single second, then relax for 29 seconds, for example.
         '''
         if mode not in ('sleep', 'reject'):
-            raise ValueError('Invalid mode %s' % repr(mode))
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid mode {repr(mode)}.')
 
         self.allowance = allowance
         self.period = period

voussoirkit/spinal.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def callback_v1(fpobj, written_bytes, total_bytes):
     else:
         ends = ''
     percent = (100 * written_bytes) / max(total_bytes, 1)
-    percent = '%07.3f' % percent
+    percent = f'{percent:07.3f}'
     written = '{:,}'.format(written_bytes)
     total = '{:,}'.format(total_bytes)
     written = written.rjust(len(total), ' ')
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def copy(source, file_args=None, file_kwargs=None, dir_args=None, dir_kwargs=Non
         dir_args = dir_args or tuple()
         dir_kwargs = dir_kwargs or dict()
         return copy_dir(source, *dir_args, **dir_kwargs)
-    raise SpinalError('Neither file nor dir: %s' % source)
+    raise SpinalError(f'Neither file nor dir: {source}')
 
 def copy_dir(
         source,

voussoirkit/sqlhelpers.py

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ def delete_filler(pairs):
 
     In context:
     (qmarks, bindings) = delete_filler(pairs)
-    query = 'DELETE FROM table %s' % qmarks
+    query = f'DELETE FROM table {qmarks}'
     cur.execute(query, bindings)
     '''
     qmarks = []
     bindings = []
     for (key, value) in pairs.items():
-        qmarks.append('%s = ?' % key)
+        qmarks.append(f'{key} = ?')
         bindings.append(value)
     qmarks = ' AND '.join(qmarks)
-    qmarks = 'WHERE %s' % qmarks
+    qmarks = f'WHERE {qmarks}'
     return (qmarks, bindings)
 
 def insert_filler(column_names, values, require_all=True):
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def insert_filler(column_names, values, require_all=True):
 
     In context:
     (qmarks, bindings) = insert_filler(COLUMN_NAMES, data)
-    query = 'INSERT INTO table VALUES(%s)' % qmarks
+    query = f'INSERT INTO table VALUES({qmarks})'
     cur.execute(query, bindings)
     '''
     values = values.copy()
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def update_filler(pairs, where_key):
 
     In context:
     (qmarks, bindings) = update_filler(data, where_key)
-    query = 'UPDATE table %s' % qmarks
+    query = f'UPDATE table {qmarks}'
     cur.execute(query, bindings)
     '''
     pairs = pairs.copy()
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def update_filler(pairs, where_key):
     qmarks = []
     bindings = []
     for (key, value) in pairs.items():
-        qmarks.append('%s = ?' % key)
+        qmarks.append(f'{key} = ?')
         bindings.append(value)
     bindings.append(where_value)
     setters = ', '.join(qmarks)

voussoirkit/treeclass.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Tree:
         return hash(self.abspath())
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return 'Tree(%s)' % self.identifier
+        return f'Tree({self.identifier})'
 
     @staticmethod
     def assert_identifier_ok(identifier):